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RT9166/A
300/600mA, Ultra-Fast Transient Response LDO Regulator
General Description
The RT9166/A series are CMOS low dropout regulators optimized for ultra-fast transient response. The devices are capable of supplying 300mA or 600mA of output current with a dropout voltage of 230mV or 580mV respectively. The RT9166/A series are is optimized for CD/DVD-ROM, CD/RW or wireless communication supply applications. The RT9166/A regulators are stable with output capacitors as low as 1F. The other features include ultra low dropout voltage, high output accuracy, current limiting protection, and high ripple rejection ratio. The devices are available in fixed output voltages range of 1.2V to 4.5V with 0.1V per step. The RT9166/A regulators are available in 3-lead SOT-23, SOT-89, SOT-223, TO-92 and TO-252 packages.
Features
Low Quiescent Current (Typically 220A) Guaranteed 300/600mA Output Current Low Dropout Voltage : 230/580mV at 300/600mA Wide Operating Voltage Ranges : 3V to 5.5V Ultra-Fast Transient Response Tight Load and Line Regulation Current Limiting Protection Thermal Shutdown Protection Only Low-ESR Ceramic Capacitor Required for Stability Custom Voltage Available RoHS Compliant and 100% Lead (Pb)-Free
Applications
CD/DVD-ROM, CD/RW Wireless LAN Card/Keyboard/Mouse Battery-Powered Equipment XDSL Router PCMCIA Card
Ordering Information
RT9166/APackage Type VL : SOT-23-3 (L-Type) X : SOT-89 XL : SOT-89 (L-Type) G : SOT-223 GL : SOT-223 (L-Type) Z : TO-92 L : TO-252 Operating Temperature Range P : Pb Free with Commercial Standard G : Green (Halogen Free with Commercial Standard) Output Voltage 12 : 1.2V 13 : 1.3V : 45 : 4.5V 1B : 1.25V 600mA Output Current 300mA Output Current
Note : RichTek Pb-free and Green products are : RoHS compliant and compatible with the current requirements of IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020. Suitable for use in SnPb or Pb-free soldering processes. 100%matte tin (Sn) plating. DS9166/A-18 June 2007
Marking Information
For marking information, contact our sales representative directly or through a RichTek distributor located in your area, otherwise visit our website for detail.
Pin Configurations
(TOP VIEW)
VIN 3 1 GND 2 VOUT
SOT-23-3 (L-Type) (RT9166)
3 2 1 VOUT GND VIN
TO-92 (RT9166/A)
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RT9166/A
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2
3
1
2 GND
3
VOUT GND (TAB)
VIN
GND
VIN VOUT (TAB)
SOT-89
SOT-89 (L-Type)
VOUT GND (TAB)
VIN
GND
VIN VOUT (TAB)
SOT-223
SOT-223 (L-Type)
VOUT
VIN
TO-252
Typical Application Circuit
RT9166/A VIN CIN 1uF VIN VOUT GND COUT 1uF VOUT
Note: To prevent oscillation, a 1F minimum X7R or X5R dielectric is strongly recommended if ceramics are used as input/output capacitors. When using the Y5V dielectric, the minimum value of the input/output capacitance that can be used for stable over full operating temperature range is 3.3F. (see Application Information Section for further details)
Functional Pin Description
Pin Name VIN VOUT GND Pin Function Supply Input Regulator Output Common Ground
Function Block Diagram
VIN Error Amplifier +
VOUT
Current Limiting Sensor
Thermal Shutdown
1.2V
Reference
GND
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Absolute Maximum Ratings
(Note 1) Supply Input Voltage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6.5V Power Dissipation, PD @ TA = 25C SOT-23-3 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.4W SOT-89 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.571W SOT-223 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 0.740W TO-252 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1.470W Package Thermal Resistance (Note 4) SOT-23-3, JA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 250C/W SOT-89, JA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 175C/W SOT-89, JC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 58C/W SOT-223, JA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 135C/W SOT-223, JC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15C/W TO-252, JA ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68C/W TO-252, JC ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7C/W Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.) --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 260C Junction Temperature ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 150C Storage Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 65C to 150C ESD Susceptibility (Note 2) HBM (Human Body Mode) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2kV MM (Machine Mode) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 200V
Recommended Operating Conditions
(Note 3)
Supply Input Voltage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2.8V to 5.5V Junction Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 40C to 125C Ambient Temperature Range ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - 40C to 85C
Electrical Characteristics
(VIN = VOUT + 1V or VIN = 2.8V whichever is greater, CIN = 1F, COUT = 1F, TA = 25C, unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Output Voltage Accuracy Current Limit Quiescent Current Dropout Voltage (Note 7) Line Regulation Load Regulation (Note 5) RT9166 RT9166A RT9166 RT9166A (Note 6) RT9166 RT9166A
Symbol VOUT ILIM IQ VDROP
Test Conditions IOUT = 1mA RLOAD = 1 IOUT = 0mA IOUT = 300mA IOUT = 600mA VIN = (VOUT + 0.3V) to 5.5V, IOUT = 1mA 1mA < IOUT < 300mA 1mA < IOUT < 600mA f = 1kHz, COUT = 1F
Min -1 300 600 ----------
Typ ---220 230 580 0.2 15 30 -55 170 40
Max +3 --300 ---35 55 ----
Units % mA A mV
VLINE VLOAD PSRR TSD TSD
%/V
mV dB C C
Power Supply Rejection Rate Thermal Shutdown Temperature Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
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RT9166/A
Note 1. Stresses listed as the above "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. These are for stress ratings. Functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may remain possibility to affect device reliability. Note 2. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution recommended. Note 3. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions. Note 4. JA is measured in the natural convection at TA = 25C on a single layer low effective thermal conductivity test board of JEDEC 51-3 thermal measurement standard. Note 5. Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature by using a 20ms current pulse. Devices are tested for load regulation in the load range from 1mA to 300mA and 600mA respectively. Note 6. Quiescent, or ground current, is the difference between input and output currents. It is defined by IQ = IIN - IOUT under no load condition (IOUT = 0mA). The total current drawn from the supply is the sum of the load current plus the ground pin current. Note 7.The dropout voltage is defined as VIN -VOUT, which is measured when VOUT is VOUT(NORMAL) - 100mV.
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Typical Operating Characteristics
Dropout Voltage vs. Load Current
700 600
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
0
CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
TJ = 125C
-10
Dropout Voltage (mV)
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
500 400 300 200 100 0 0 100 200
PSRR (dB)
TJ = 25C
-20 -30 -40 -50 -60
TJ = -40C
100mA 1mA
300
400
500
600
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
Load Current (mA)
Frequency (Hz)
Region of Stable COUT ESR vs. Load Current
100.00
Output Noise
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF
COUT = 1uF to 4.7uF
10.00
ILOAD = 100mA COUT = 1uF
Output Noise Signal (V)
Instable
400 200 0 -200 -400
f = 10Hz to
COUT ESR ()
1.00
Stable
0.10
0.01
Instable
0.00 0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (1ms/DIV)
Load Current (mA)
Current Limit vs. Input voltage
900
Current Limit vs. Input voltage
900
Current Limit (mA)
800
Current Limit (mA)
850
850
800
750
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF RL = 0.5
3 3.5 4 4.5
750
RT9166-33CX
700
5 5.5
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF RL = 0.5
3 3.5 4 4.5
RT9166-33CVL
5 5.5
700
Input voltage (V)
Input voltage (V)
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Current Limit vs. Temperature
900
900
Current Limit vs. Temperature
Current Limit (mA)
800
Current Limit (mA)
850
850
800
750
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF RL = 0.5 -40 -50
-25 0 25 50
750
RT9166-33CX
700
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF RL = 0.5
-50 -40 -25 0 25 50
700 75 100 125
RT9166-33CVL
75 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
260 240 220 200 180 160 140
260 240 220 200 180 160 140
Quiescent Current vs. Temperature
Quiescent Current (uA) 1
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF -40 -50
-25 0 25 50
Quiescent Current (uA) 1
RT9166-33CX
75 100 125
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
-50 -40 -25 0 25 50
RT9166-33CVL
75 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
Temperature Stability
3.4
Temperature Stability
3.4
Output Voltage (V)
Output Voltage (V)
3.35
3.35
3.3
3.3
3.25
3.25
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
3.2 -40 -50 -25 0 25 50
RT9166-33CX
75 100 125
VIN = 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
3.2 -50 -40 -25 0 25 50
RT9166-33CVL
75 100 125
Temperature (C)
Temperature (C)
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Load Transient Response
Load Current (mA)
Load Transient Response
Load Current (mA)
200
100 0
VIN = 5V, ILOAD = 1 to 150mA CIN = COUT = 1uF (Ceramic, X7R)
200
100 0
VIN = 5V, ILOAD = 1 to 150mA CIN = COUT = 1uF (Ceramic, X7R)
Output Voltage Deviation (mV)
20
0 -20 RT9166-33CX
Output Voltage Deviation (mV)
20
0 -20 RT9166-33CVL
Time (100us/Div)
Time (100us/Div)
Line Transient Response
Input Voltage Deviation (V)
VIN = 4 to 5V CIN = 1uF COUT = 1uF
5 4
Output Voltage Deviation (mV)
20
0 -20
Time (100us/Div)
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RT9166/A
Application Information
Like any low-dropout regulator, the RT9166/A series requires input and output decoupling capacitors. These capacitors must be correctly selected for good performance (see Capacitor Characteristics Section). Please note that linear regulators with a low dropout voltage have high internal loop gains which require care in guarding against oscillation caused by insufficient decoupling capacitance. Input Capacitor An input capacitance of 1F is required between the device input pin and ground directly (the amount of the capacitance may be increased without limit). The input capacitor MUST be located less than 1 cm from the device to assure input stability (see PCB Layout Section). A lower ESR capacitor allows the use of less capacitance, while higher ESR type (like aluminum electrolytic) require more capacitance. Capacitor types (aluminum, ceramic and tantalum) can be mixed in parallel, but the total equivalent input capacitance/ ESR must be defined as above to stable operation. There are no requirements for the ESR on the input capacitor, but tolerance and temperature coefficient must be considered when selecting the capacitor to ensure the capacitance will be 1F over the entire operating temperature range. Output Capacitor The RT9166/A is designed specifically to work with very small ceramic output capacitors. The recommended minimum capacitance (temperature characteristics X7R or X5R) is 1F to 4.7F range with 10m to 50m range ceramic capacitor between LDO output and GND for transient stability, but it may be increased without limit. Higher capacitance values help to improve transient. The output capacitor's ESR is critical because it forms a zero to provide phase lead which is required for loop stability. (When using the Y5V dielectric, the minimum value of the input/output capacitance that can be used for stable over full operating temperature range is 3.3F.) No Load Stability The device will remain stable and in regulation with no external load. This is specially important in CMOS RAM keep-alive applications.
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Input-Output (Dropout) Voltage A regulator's minimum input-to-output voltage differential (dropout voltage) determines the lowest usable supply voltage. In battery-powered systems, this determines the useful end-of-life battery voltage. Because the device uses a PMOS, its dropout voltage is a function of drain-to-source on-resistance, RDS(ON), multiplied by the load current : VDROPOUT = VIN - VOUT = RDS(ON) x IOUT Current Limit The RT9166/A monitors and controls the PMOS' gate voltage, minimum limiting the output current to 300mA for RT9166 and 600mA for RT9166A. The output can be shorted to ground for an indefinite period of time without damaging the part. Short-Circuit Protection The device is short circuit protected and in the event of a peak over-current condition, the short-circuit control loop will rapidly drive the output PMOS pass element off. Once the power pass element shuts down, the control loop will rapidly cycle the output on and off until the average power dissipation causes the thermal shutdown circuit to respond to servo the on/off cycling to a lower frequency. Please refer to the section on thermal information for power dissipation calculations. Capacitor Characteristics It is important to note that capacitance tolerance and variation with temperature must be taken into consideration when selecting a capacitor so that the minimum required amount of capacitance is provided over the full operating temperature range. In general, a good tantalum capacitor will show very little capacitance variation with temperature, but a ceramic may not be as good (depending on dielectric type). Aluminum electrolytics also typically have large temperature variation of capacitance value. Equally important to consider is a capacitor's ESR change with temperature: this is not an issue with ceramics, as their ESR is extremely low. However, it is very important in Tantalum and aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Both show increasing ESR at colder temperatures, but the increase
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RT9166/A
in aluminum electrolytic capacitors is so severe they may not be feasible for some applications. Ceramic : For values of capacitance in the 10F to 100F range, ceramics are usually larger and more costly than tantalums but give superior AC performance for by-passing high frequency noise because of very low ESR (typically less than 10m). However, some dielectric types do not have good capacitance characteristics as a function of voltage and temperature. Z5U and Y5V dielectric ceramics have capacitance that drops severely with applied voltage. A typical Z5U or Y5V capacitor can lose 60% of its rated capacitance with half of the rated voltage applied to it. The Z5U and Y5V also exhibit a severe temperature effect, losing more than 50% of nominal capacitance at high and low limits of the temperature range. X7R and X5R dielectric ceramic capacitors are strongly recommended if ceramics are used, as they typically maintain a capacitance range within 20% of nominal over full operating ratings of temperature and voltage. Of course, they are typically larger and more costly than Z5U/Y5U types for a given voltage and capacitance. Tantalum : Solid tantalum capacitors are recommended for use on the output because their typical ESR is very close to the ideal value required for loop compensation. They also work well as input capacitors if selected to meet the ESR requirements previously listed. Tantalums also have good temperature stability: a good quality tantalum will typically show a capacitance value that varies less than 10~15% across the full temperature range of 125C to -40C. ESR will vary only about 2X going from the high to low temperature limits. The increasing ESR at lower temperatures can cause oscillations when marginal quality capacitors are used (if the ESR of the capacitor is near the upper limit of the stability range at room temperature). Aluminum : This capacitor type offers the most capacitance for the money. The disadvantages are that they are larger in physical size, not widely available in surface mount, and have poor AC performance (especially at higher frequencies) due to higher ESR and ESL. Compared by size, the ESR of an aluminum electrolytic is higher than either Tantalum or ceramic, and it also varies greatly with temperature. A typical aluminum electrolytic can exhibit an ESR increase of as much as 50X when going from 25C down to -40C. It should also be noted that many aluminum electrolytics only specify impedance at a frequency of 120Hz, which indicates they have poor high frequency performance. Only aluminum electrolytics that have an impedance specified at a higher frequency (between 20kHz and 100kHz) should be used for the device. Derating must be applied to the manufacturer's ESR specification, since it is typically only valid at room temperature. Any applications using aluminum electrolytics should be thoroughly tested at the lowest ambient operating temperature where ESR is maximum. Thermal Considerations Thermal protection limits power dissipation in RT9166/A. When the operation junction temperature exceeds 170C, the OTP circuit starts the thermal shutdown function and turns the pass element off. The pass element turn on again after the junction temperature cools by 40C. For continuous operation, do not exceed absolute maximum operation junction temperature. The power dissipation definition in device is : PD = (VIN - VOUT) x IOUT + VIN x IQ The maximum power dissipation depends on the thermal resistance of IC package, PCB layout, the rate of surroundings airflow and temperature difference between junction to ambient. The maximum power dissipation can be calculated by following formula : PD (MAX) = ( TJ(MAX) - TA ) / JA Where T J(MAX) is the maximum operation junction temperature 125C, TA is the ambient temperature and the JA is the junction to ambient thermal resistance.
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RT9166/A
For recommended operating conditions specification of RT9166/A, where T J(MAX) is the maximum junction temperature of the die (125C) and TA is the operated ambient temperature. The junction to ambient thermal resistance JA is layout dependent. For SOT-23-3 packages, the thermal resistance JA is 250C/W on the standard JEDEC 51-3 single-layer thermal test board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25C can be calculated by following formula : PD (MAX) = ( 125C - 25C) / 250C/W = 0.400W for SOT-23-3 packages PD (MAX) = ( 125C - 25C) / 175C/W = 0.571W for SOT-89 packages PD (MAX) = ( 125C - 25C) / 135C/W = 0.740W for SOT-223 packages PD (MAX) = ( 125C - 25C) / 68C/W = 1.470W for TO-252 packages The maximum power dissipation depends on operating ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal resistance JA. For RT9166/A packages, Figure 1 of derating curves allows the designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature on the maximum power allowed.
1500 1400 1300 1200 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 0
PCB Layout Good board layout practices must be used or instability can be induced because of ground loops and voltage drops. The input and output capacitors MUST be directly connected to the input, output, and ground pins of the device using traces which have no other currents flowing through them. The best way to do this is to layout CIN and COUT near the device with short traces to the VIN, VOUT, and ground pins. The regulator ground pin should be connected to the external circuit ground so that the regulator and its capacitors have a "single point ground". It should be noted that stability problems have been seen in applications where "vias" to an internal ground plane were used at the ground points of the device and the input and output capacitors. This was caused by varying ground potentials at these nodes resulting from current flowing through the ground plane. Using a single point ground technique for the regulator and it' s capacitors fixed the problem. Since high current flows through the traces going into VIN and coming from VOUT, Kelvin connect the capacitor leads to these pins so there is no voltage drop in series with the input and output capacitors. Optimum performance can only be achieved when the device is mounted on a PC board according to the diagram below :
Maximum Power Dissipation (mW)
TO-252
Single Layer PCB
SOT-223 SOT-89 SOT-23-3
VIN
GND
25 50 75 100 125
Ambient Temperature (C)
Figure 1. Derating Curves for RT9166/A Packages
VOUT
Figure 2. SOT-23-3 Board Layout
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RT9166/A
Outline Dimension
D
H L
C
B
e
A A1 b
Symbol A A1 B b C D e H L
Dimensions In Millimeters Min 0.889 0.000 1.397 0.356 2.591 2.692 1.803 0.080 0.300 Max 1.295 0.152 1.803 0.508 2.997 3.099 2.007 0.254 0.610
Dimensions In Inches Min 0.035 0.000 0.055 0.014 0.102 0.106 0.071 0.003 0.012 Max 0.051 0.006 0.071 0.020 0.118 0.122 0.079 0.010 0.024
SOT-23-3 Surface Mount Package
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RT9166/A
D D1
A
C
B
C1 e e H A b b
b1
Symbol A b B b1 C C1 D D1 e H
Dimensions In Millimeters Min 1.397 0.356 2.388 0.406 3.937 0.787 4.394 1.397 1.448 0.356 Max 1.600 0.483 2.591 0.533 4.242 1.194 4.597 1.753 1.549 0.432
Dimensions In Inches Min 0.055 0.014 0.094 0.016 0.155 0.031 0.173 0.055 0.057 0.014 Max 0.063 0.019 0.102 0.021 0.167 0.047 0.181 0.069 0.061 0.017
3-Lead SOT-89 Surface Mount Package
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D D1
H
C
B
L e e
L1
A b
A1
Symbol A A1 b B C D D1 e H L L1
Dimensions In Millimeters Min 1.450 0.020 0.610 3.302 6.706 6.299 2.896 2.261 0.229 1.550 0.800 Max 1.803 0.100 0.787 3.708 7.290 6.706 3.150 2.362 0.330 1.950 1.100
Dimensions In Inches Min 0.057 0.0008 0.024 0.130 0.264 0.248 0.114 0.089 0.009 0.061 0.009 Max 0.071 0.0047 0.031 0.146 0.287 0.264 0.124 0.093 0.013 0.077 0.013
3-Lead SOT-223 Surface Mount Package
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RT9166/A
D D1 B T V E L1 S C U R
L3 b1 b e b2 L2
A
Symbol A B b b1 b2 C D D1 E e L1 L2 L3 U V R S T
Dimensions In Millimeters Min 2.184 0.889 0.508 0.457 0.457 6.350 5.207 5.334 2.108 9.398 0.635 Max 2.388 2.032 0.889 0.584 0.584 6.731 5.461 6.223 2.438 10.414 1.016
Dimensions In Inches Min 0.086 0.035 0.020 0.018 0.018 0.250 0.205 0.210 0.083 0.370 0.025 Max 0.094 0.080 0.035 0.023 0.023 0.265 0.215 0.245 0.096 0.410 0.040
1.016 Ref.
0.040 Ref.
0.508 Ref. 3.810 Ref. 3.048 Ref. 0.200 2.500 0.500 0.850 3.400 0.850
0.020 Ref.
0.150 Ref. 0.120 Ref. 0.008 0.098 0.020 0.033 0.134 0.033
3-Lead TO-252 Surface Mount Package
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D
A
E
L
e D1
b
C
A1
Symbol A A1 b C D D1 E e L
Dimensions In Millimeters Min 3.175 1.143 0.406 0.406 4.445 3.429 4.318 1.143 12.700 Max 4.191 1.372 0.533 0.533 5.207 5.029 5.334 1.397
Dimensions In Inches Min 0.125 0.045 0.016 0.016 0.175 0.135 0.170 0.045 0.500 Max 0.165 0.054 0.021 0.021 0.205 0.198 0.210 0.055
3-Lead TO-92 Plastic Package
Richtek Technology Corporation
Headquarter 5F, No. 20, Taiyuen Street, Chupei City Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8863)5526789 Fax: (8863)5526611
Richtek Technology Corporation
Taipei Office (Marketing) 8F, No. 137, Lane 235, Paochiao Road, Hsintien City Taipei County, Taiwan, R.O.C. Tel: (8862)89191466 Fax: (8862)89191465 Email: marketing@richtek.com
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